{"id":13591,"date":"2025-01-30T08:38:18","date_gmt":"2025-01-30T08:38:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/?p=13591"},"modified":"2025-03-20T11:59:31","modified_gmt":"2025-03-20T11:59:31","slug":"blog-herniated-disc-dogs-cats","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/en\/blog-herniated-disc-dogs-cats\/","title":{"rendered":"Herniated disc in dogs and cats: symptoms, treatment and prognoses"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Herniated discs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are a condition that can affect both cats and dogs, altering their quality of life and causing symptoms ranging from moderate pain to paralysis. In this article, we explain in detail what a herniated disc is, its causes, <\/span><b>the most common clinical signs of a herniated disc<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the diagnostic tools available and the most effective treatment options. If you are a dog or cat caregiver, this guide will help you identify warning signs and understand how you can take action to protect the health of your feline and canine companion.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>What is a herniated disc in dogs and cats?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">First we should know that the spinal disc, which is formed by a fibrous disc and a <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nucleus pulposus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, plays a fundamental role in the mobility and stability of the spine. It acts as a shock absorber between the vertebrae, absorbing impacts and allowing flexible movements without damaging the spine. However, when it suffers alterations, it can lead to a pathology known as <\/span><b>herniated disc<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which affects both cats and dogs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A herniated disc occurs when part of the spinal disc slips into the spinal canal, causing compression of the spinal cord or nerve roots. This can cause severe pain, difficulty moving and in some cases partial or total paralysis in the canine and feline patient. This condition can severely affect the pulpy quality of life of the cat or dog and needs to be diagnosed and treated early.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13582 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/hernia-discal-e1737965439334.png\" alt=\"Hernia discal en perros y gatos: s\u00edntomas, tratamiento y pron\u00f3stico\" width=\"3380\" height=\"1538\" srcset=\"https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/hernia-discal-e1737965439334.png 2560w, https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/hernia-discal-e1737965439334-300x137.png 300w, https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/hernia-discal-e1737965439334-1024x466.png 1024w, https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/hernia-discal-e1737965439334-768x349.png 768w, https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/hernia-discal-e1737965439334-1536x699.png 1536w, https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/hernia-discal-e1737965439334-2048x932.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3380px) 100vw, 3380px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n<h2><b>Species-specific occurrence and predisposition to herniated discs<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Dogs: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">herniated discs represent 2.02% of all diagnosed diseases. The most common ones affect the thoracolumbar region.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Cats: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">their incidence is lower, 0.12%, being more frequent in the caudal lumbar area.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\nIn dogs, disc degeneration, i.e.<\/span><b> progressive wear and tear of the intervertebral disc<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, is a determining factor <\/span><b>predisposing to the development of herniated discs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. There are two main types of degeneration:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Chondroid metaplasia: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">associated with genetic factors in chondrodystrophic breeds such as Dachsunds or French bulldogs. It is characterized by a loss of the watery content of the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nucleus pulposus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, starting at 2 months of age.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Fibroid metaplasia:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> age-related and seen in all breeds. It involves degeneration of the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">annulus fibrosus <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and fibrous collagenization of the<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> nucleus pulposus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b><br \/>\nTypes of herniated discs in dogs and cats<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><b>There are seven types of herniated discs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, each with specific clinical and pathophysiological characteristics. These classifications help veterinarians determine the most appropriate treatment for each animal&#8217;s situation:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Hansen&#8217;s disc herniation type I (disc extrusion)<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>What happens:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> part of the nucleus of the intervertebral disc ruptures and moves into the spinal canal.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Common breeds: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dachshunds, French bulldogs and other genetically predisposed breeds.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Symptoms:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sudden onset, rapid worsening and severe back pain.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Hansen&#8217;s disc herniation type II (disc protrusion)<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>What happens:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the intervertebral disc protrudes into the vertebral canal without rupturing completely, due to progressive deterioration.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Common cases:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> older dogs of any breed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Symptoms:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> slow development, although it may suddenly worsen.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Acute non-compressive <\/b><b><i>nucleus pulposus<\/i><\/b><b> extrusion<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>What happens:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by a sudden increase in pressure, the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nucleus pulposus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is expelled without pressing on the spinal cord.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Symptoms: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">rapid onset, but not progressive; less severe than other types.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Acute extrusion of hydrated<\/b><b><i> nucleus pulposus<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>What happens: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a healthy nucleus suddenly moves into the spinal canal.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Symptoms:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> very rapid onset, affecting more on one side of the body (asymmetry).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Intradural\/intramedullary extrusion<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>What happens:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the nucleus of the disc inserts into the spinal cord, causing severe damage.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Symptoms:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> paralysis or severe neurological deficits; rare but severe.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Extrusion with extensive epidural bleeding<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>What happens: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Displacement of the nucleus causes hemorrhage around the spinal cord.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Symptoms:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Severe and rapidly progressive; requires urgent attention.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Traumatic extrusion<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>What happens: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a severe blow or accident displaces the intervertebral disc.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Symptoms: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">severe pain and sudden paralysis; common in falls or trauma.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n<h2><b>How to identify spinal problems in your pet<\/b><\/h2>\n<h2><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13579 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/bulldog-palpacion.png\" alt=\"C\u00f3mo curar a un perro\" width=\"3381\" height=\"2250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/bulldog-palpacion.png 2560w, https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/bulldog-palpacion-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/bulldog-palpacion-1024x681.png 1024w, https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/bulldog-palpacion-768x511.png 768w, https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/bulldog-palpacion-1536x1022.png 1536w, https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/bulldog-palpacion-2048x1363.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3381px) 100vw, 3381px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The clinical<\/span><b> signs of a herniated disc<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> can vary depending on the severity and location of the injury. Here is a <\/span><b>list of the most common symptoms<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that can help you identify a problem in your cat or dog:<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>In dogs:<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Changes in posture: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">arched back or hunched position.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Difficulty walking:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> may drag one or more legs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Pain when touching certain areas of the back: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the dog may whine or try to avoid contact.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Loss of coordination: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">clumsy movements or instability.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Partial or total paralysis: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">difficulty moving the hind legs or all limbs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Incontinence: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">loss of control of urine or stool.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Lethargy or decreased activity:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the dog may avoid moving for fear of pain.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Constant barking or whining:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> related to pain.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Difficulty defecating:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> may have trouble adopting proper posture due to pain in the spine or weakness in the hind legs. May also show excessive straining or avoid defecating altogether, leading to constipation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><b>In cats:<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Difficulty jumping or climbing: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">especially to high places.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Reduced physical activity: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the cat may prefer to stay still or hide.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Abnormal walking posture: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">arched back or stiff movements.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Unusual vocalizations<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: pained meows when trying to move or be handled.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Avoidance of physical contact: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">especially in the lumbar or back region.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Problems using the litter box and difficulty defecating: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pain or limited movement may make it difficult for the cat to get in or out of the litter box, leading them to urinate or defecate outside. They may also avoid using it because of discomfort when adopting the posture for defecation, which may cause fecal impaction, excessive straining or constipation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Reduced cleanliness:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> they may stop grooming due to pain.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\nIf you detect any of these signs in your dog or cat, do not hesitate to seek <\/span><b>specialized veterinary care<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> immediately. An early evaluation is key to prevent complications and ensure the welfare of your pet. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/en\/dog-and-cat-specialties\/neurology-neurosurgery\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Balmesvet&#8217;s Neurology service<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is focused on diagnosing and treating nervous system problems in dogs and cats, offering specialized and personalized attention. Our team has advanced technology and extensive experience to address common conditions to complex cases, always with the aim of improving the quality of life of your pet..<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b><br \/>\nDegrees of motor impairment in cats and dogs<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13576 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/6.png\" alt=\"Herniated disc in dogs cats\" width=\"3381\" height=\"2250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/6.png 2560w, https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/6-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/6-1024x681.png 1024w, https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/6-768x511.png 768w, https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/6-1536x1022.png 1536w, https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/6-2048x1363.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3381px) 100vw, 3381px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Motor problems<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> caused by an <\/span><b>herniated disc in dogs and cats <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">affects your pet&#8217;s ability to move and can vary depending on the location and severity of the injury. Here is a simple explanation of the most common terms:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Paraparesis<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>What it is: <\/b>partial reduction of mobility in the hind legs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>How it shows up:<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dragging the hind legs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Difficulty getting up or walking.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unsteady gait, with frequent falls.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Quadriparesis<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>What it is: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">partial reduction of mobility in all four legs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>How it shows up:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Generalized weakness or clumsiness.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Slow, unsteady gait with loss of balance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">More common in dogs than in cats.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Paraplegia<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>What it is: <\/b>complete loss of motor function in the hind legs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>How it shows up:<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inability to move or support weight on the hind legs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Drags the hind legs to move.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">May have urinary or fecal incontinence.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Tetraplegia (quadriplegia)<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>What it is: <\/b>complete loss of motor function in all four legs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>How it shows up:<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Total inability to move or stand.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Absence of response to stimuli in the limbs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Associated with injuries in the upper cervical region (neck).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b><br \/>\nClassification according to the location of the herniated disc injury<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>severity and symptoms of a herniated disc <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">depend on the region of the spine affected. Here we explain how the injuries are classified and how they affect your pet:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>C1-C5 ( upper neck)<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Affects: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">first cervical vertebrae.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Symptoms:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> weakness or paralysis in all four legs, normal or increased reflexes, stiffness and pain in the neck.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>C6-T2 ( lower neck)<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Affects: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the transition between the neck and the thorax.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Symptoms: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">weakness in front legs with diminished reflexes, hind legs with normal or increased reflexes, and difficulty walking.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>T3-L3 (thoracolumbar)<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Affects:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> area between the thorax and abdomen.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Symptoms:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> weakness or paralysis in hind legs, normal or increased reflexes and back pain.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>L4-S3 (lumbo-sacral)<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Affects:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> lower back, near the pelvis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Symptoms: <\/b>weakness or paralysis in hind legs, reduced or absent reflexes, urinary incontinence or difficulty defecating.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13573 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/82.png\" alt=\"Herniated disc in dogs cats\" width=\"3381\" height=\"2250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/82.png 3381w, https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/82-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/82-1024x681.png 1024w, https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/82-768x511.png 768w, https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/82-1536x1022.png 1536w, https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/82-2048x1363.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3381px) 100vw, 3381px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n<h2><b>Diagnosis of herniated disc in dogs and cats: key steps and advanced techniques<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The diagnosis of a herniated disc in dogs and cats is done in two main phases:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Physical examination and taking of medical history: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">this stage includes the clinical evaluation of the patient and the collection of detailed information provided by the caregivers about the patient&#8217;s behavior and the symptoms observed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Advanced diagnostic tests:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> includes the use of imaging techniques to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Identifying that the animal&#8217;s problem is of spinal origin and is not related to other conditions that may present similar clinical signs, such as aortic thrombi or hip problems, is the first step in the diagnostic process. This initial step is essential to determining the appropriate treatment and ensuring the welfare of the pacient.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b><br \/>\nPhysical and neurological examination<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To confirm the spinal origin, it is essential to perform a thorough examination including:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Physical and orthopedic examination: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">allows ruling out other causes of the observed symptoms.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Neurological examination: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">this examination should include several key aspects.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Assessment of the animal&#8217;s mental state and behavior.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Observation of posture and gait.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Assessment of postural reactions and spinal reflexes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Examination of cranial nerves and trunk skin reflex.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Detection of spinal hyperesthesia (pain on palpation of the spine).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With this data, it is possible to locate the injury in the nervous system. By combining this information with a thorough approach and a detailed anamnesis (information provided by caregivers about recent behavior and symptoms), a list of differential diagnoses can be established.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b><br \/>\nImaging tests<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Once the initial evaluation has been performed, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/en\/veterinary-services\/diagnostic-imaging\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">imaging tests<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are used to confirm the diagnosis:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>X-rays:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> these are simple diagnostic tests without the need for general anesthesia. They are therefore useful in patients who have suffered trauma, to have an initial assessment. In them we can see vertebral and bone lesions, and we can see changes indicative of disc herniation, but they do not usually yield a definitive diagnosis. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Myelography: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">consists of performing radiographs after administration of contrast in the subarachnoid space under general anesthesia. Based on the contrast lines attenuation or deviation, it allows to classify injuries according to the observed pattern (extradural, intradural, intramedullary\/extramedullary, intramedullary). In this method it is possible to locate the damage with greater precision than with simple x-rays. This procedure involves risks derived from the contrast and its application (inflammation and temporary worsening of the condition, convulsions, infection, hemorrhage&#8230;).\u00a0 <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>CT and myelography CT: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">they allow to identify disc compressions accurately, with myelography CT (performed after myelography) being particularly useful. It is a short test performed under general anesthesia.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>MRI:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is an advanced imaging test that is distinguished by its high accuracy in differentiating all types of herniated discs, as it can assess the state of hydration of the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nucleus pulposus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. It is performed under general anesthesia, being a test that requires more time to perform.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b><br \/>\nIs surgical treatment of a herniated disc in dogs and cats always necessary?<br \/>\n<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13570 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/quirofano-1.png\" alt=\"Herniated disc in dogs cats\" width=\"3381\" height=\"2250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/quirofano-1.png 2560w, https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/quirofano-1-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/quirofano-1-1024x681.png 1024w, https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/quirofano-1-768x511.png 768w, https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/quirofano-1-1536x1022.png 1536w, https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/quirofano-1-2048x1363.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3381px) 100vw, 3381px\" \/><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are two main therapeutic approaches depending on the severity of the disc herniation: conservation\/medical treatment and surgical treatment.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>1. Conservative\/medical treatment:<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This approach is ideal for less severe cases. It includes:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Administration of medications:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce spinal inflammation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Analgesics to relieve pain.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Strict rest<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The animal should limit their activity for <\/span><b>4 to 6 weeks<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to avoid aggravating the injury.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Rehabilitation in specific cases:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Helps to strengthen muscles and recover mobility.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Main objective:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reduce inflammation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Allow the annulus fibrosus to heal.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Facilitate dehydration and resorption of the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nucleus pulposus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, thus reducing spinal cord compression.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b><br \/>\n2. Surgical treatment:<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is the recommended approach for more severe cases or when conservation treatment fails.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Surgical procedures:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Consists of decompression of the affected spinal cord.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Techniques vary according to the location and severity of the hernia:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ventral Slot.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hemilaminectomy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dorsal laminectomy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Corpectomy.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Associated risks:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bleeding during surgery.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Post-surgical infections.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Iatrogenic spinal cord injury.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Post-surgical recovery:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Average recovery time: <\/span><b>2 months<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, although it can be extended up to <\/span><b>6 months<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in some cases.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After the initial rest, rehabilitation is essential for a faster and more complete recovery.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\nSurgery should always be considered in cases of spinal cord compression, with the exception of acute extrusion of hydrated<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> nucleus pulposus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, since it is a non-degenerated disc and will be absorbed over time.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both approaches require constant veterinary follow-up to assess progress and adjust treatment according to the animal&#8217;s needs.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b><br \/>\nPrognosis of herniated disc in dogs and cats: success and recovery rates according to treatment.<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13567 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/7.png\" alt=\"Herniated disc in dogs cats\" width=\"3381\" height=\"2250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/7.png 2560w, https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/7-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/7-1024x681.png 1024w, https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/7-768x511.png 768w, https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/7-1536x1022.png 1536w, https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/7-2048x1363.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3381px) 100vw, 3381px\" \/><br \/>\n<b><br \/>\n<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>The prognosis <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">depends on the type of hernia and the severity of the clinical signs:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Spinal pain with ambulatory paraparesis:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the success rate of medical treatment is 80%, while surgical treatment is 98%.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Non-ambulatory paraparesis: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">medical treatment is 81% successful, while surgical treatment is 93%. However, the degree of recovery with medical treatment is usually lower.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Paraplegia with profound sensitivity:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> medical treatment has a 50-60% success rate, while surgical treatment is 93%. In this case, recovery with medical treatment is slower and less complete.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Paraplegia without severe sensitivity:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the success rate of medical treatment is 10-20%, while surgical treatment is 50-60%. It is important to note that surgical success is reduced if more than 48 hours have passed since the onset of symptoms.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In disc protrusions, the success rate of surgical treatment is 70%, compared to the 30% observed with conservation treatment.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Apart from the solution of the condition, it should also be taken into account that herniated discs treated with conservation treatment have a higher percentage of recurrences.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We must not forget that there is a 30% probability of future herniated discs in a patient who has already suffered one.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>Prevention of herniated disc in dogs and cats: key tips to reduce risk in cats and dogs<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although it is not possible to completely avoid herniated discs, there are preventive measures that reduce the risk. Maintaining the animal at its ideal weight and encouraging moderate and consistent physical activity are key factors:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Weight control: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">essential for reducing the load on the spine.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Moderate physical activity: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">avoid explosive or high-impact exercise.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Chondroprotectors:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> although they are not effective for intervertebral discs, they are effective for synovial joints.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b><br \/>\nNeurology Specialty at Balmesvet<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Herniated discs are a complex condition that require an accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment to improve the quality of life of affected dogs and cats. At Balmesvet Hospital Veterinari, we have a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/en\/dog-and-cat-specialties\/neurology-neurosurgery\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">specialized Neurology service<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and a highly qualified <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/en\/dog-and-cat-specialties\/surgery-minimally-invasive-surgery\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">surgical team<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Our hospital is equipped with advanced technology, including a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/en\/veterinary-services\/ct-computerized-tomology\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CT scanner<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in permanent operation, which allows us to make quick and accurate diagnoses in emergency cases.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you notice any symptoms that may be related to a herniated disc in your cat or dog, do not hesitate to contact us. Call us at<\/span><b> 931173173<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or send us an email to <\/span><b>atencioclient@balmesvet.com<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/en\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Balmesvet<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, we are committed to offering the best possible care for your pet, because we know that their health is a fundamental part of their happiness and well-being.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13564 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/perros-hernia.png\" alt=\"Herniated disc in dogs cats\" width=\"3381\" height=\"2250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/perros-hernia.png 2560w, https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/perros-hernia-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/perros-hernia-1024x681.png 1024w, https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/perros-hernia-768x511.png 768w, https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/perros-hernia-1536x1022.png 1536w, https:\/\/balmesvet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/perros-hernia-2048x1363.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3381px) 100vw, 3381px\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Herniated discs are a condition that can affect both cats and dogs, altering their quality of life and causing symptoms ranging from moderate pain to paralysis. In this article, we explain in detail what a herniated disc is, its causes, the most common clinical signs of a herniated disc, the diagnostic tools available and the&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":13587,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[439,325],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13591","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dogs-and-cats","category-neurology-and-neurosurgery"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Herniated disc in dogs and cats: symptoms, treatment and prognoses | Hospital Veterinario en Barcelona, Urgencias 24h<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Detecting and treating a herniated disc in dogs and cats in time is key to ensuring that your pet 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